Surgery is a medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on an individual to inspect or treat a disease or injury. It can be used to aid in improving the bodily functions, appearance, or to repair damaged areas. The act of performing a surgery is known as a surgical procedure, operation, or simply surgery. It can be performed on people as well as animals. Elective surgery, emergency surgery and exploratory surgery are a few of its sub-types. Elective surgery corrects a non-life-threatening condition. Exploratory surgery is performed in order to confirm a diagnosis and emergency surgery is undertaken to prevent death or serious condition, without delaying. This book discusses the fundamentals as well as modern clinical approaches to surgery. Most of the topics introduced herein, cover new techniques and the applications of surgery. Scientists and students actively engaged in this field will find this book full of crucial and unexplored concepts.