The study of physical properties and processes of the Earth and its surrounding space environment is called geophysics. Quantitative methods are used for their analysis. Geophysics is a subject of natural science that is applied to societal needs such as environmental protection, mineral resources and mitigation of natural hazards. It is an interdisciplinary subject that significantly contributes to Earth sciences. Electromagnetic waves, gravity, vibrations, heat flow, electricity, magnetism, mineral physics and radioactivity are the various phenomena that are studied under geophysics. Modern geophysics is an interdisciplinary field which delves into solar-terrestrial relations, fluid dynamics of the oceans, and magnetism in magnetosphere and ionosphere. From theories to research to practical applications, case studies related to all contemporary topics of relevance to geophysics have been included in this book. It presents researches that have transformed this discipline and aided its advancement. Coherent flow of topics, student-friendly language and extensive use of examples make this book an invaluable source of knowledge.