Chemotherapy refers to the use of anti-cancer drugs to destroy cancer cells. A combination of chemotherapy drugs may be administered based on the type of cancer. These drugs circulate through the bloodstream and can destroy cancer cells anywhere in the body. This method of treatment is known as systemic treatment. Chemotherapy works by destroying cells that are in the process of dividing. Cells in the body of a fully grown adult only divide in order to repair damage. Cancer cells keep on dividing and turn into a mass of cells forming a lump called tumor. Since these cells divide much faster than normal cells, chemotherapy affects them more than normal cells. This book strives to provide a fair idea about chemotherapy and cancer research, and to help develop a better understanding of the latest advances within this field. It presents researches and studies performed by experts across the globe. This book aims to equip students and experts with the advanced topics and upcoming concepts in this area.