Mobile computing refers to the human-computer interaction which allows the transmission of data, video and voice using a computer or any other wireless device without it being connected to a fixed physical link. It involves mobile hardware, mobile software and mobile communication. Mobile hardware deals with mobile devices or components. Mobile software encompasses the requirements and characteristics of mobile applications. Mobile communication includes the use of infrastructure networks and ad hoc networks as well as communication protocols, data formats and concrete technologies. Some mobile computing devices are portable computers, cellular telephones, smart cards and wearable computers.