Kidney diseases occur when the kidneys become damaged and can't fulfil their function. They can be caused by diabetes, high blood pressure, and various other chronic conditions. There are several types of kidney diseases such as chronic kidney disease, kidney stones, glomerulonephritis, polycystic kidney disease, and urinary tract infection. Some of the major symptoms of these diseases are frequent urination, changes in urine output, fluid retention, anemia, muscle cramping, and swollen feet and ankles. Kidney diseases can be diagnosed by tests such as glomerular filtration rate, ultrasound, computed tomography, kidney biopsy, urine test, and blood creatinine test. The treatment of kidney diseases involves drugs and medication, dietary and lifestyle changes, and dialysis and kidney transplants. They can be prevented by drinking plenty of water, reducing salt intake, quitting smoking, and controlling blood sugar and blood pressure. This book is a compilation of chapters that discuss the most vital concepts and emerging trends in the detection and treatment of kidney diseases. It aims to shed light on some of the unexplored aspects of these diseases. Researchers and students in this field will be assisted by this book.