Integrated circuits (ICs) are chips, or small electronic devices found in practically every type of application and machine, including microprocessors, audio/video equipment, automobiles, etc. Regardless of their context, most modern integrated circuits require both analog (linear) and digital processing, so designers must have a solid foundation in both. Written for beginning circuit designers and electrical engineering students, this book covers the basics of both linear and digital circuits. This unique approach also makes it useful as a reference for practicing engineers. The first seven chapters are devoted to analog integrated circuits, including ideal operational amplifier (op-amp) characteristics, AC and DC characteristics of op-amp, and op-amp applications. After a chapter on the principles involved in analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters, the last four chapters are devoted to the fundamentals of digital system design from the ground up. This section covers many specific digital circuits, including Adder, ROM, and EPROM, microprocessors, and microcontrollers. The last chapter explains logic families, which form the fundamentals of logic gates.