The dalits have always been the most underprivileged section of Indian social system. The Indian society is divided into four main hierarchical caste groups: Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas and Shudras. Beyond this four-fold classification, there is a category of 'ati-shudras' or Dalits (as they are now called), which fall outside this hierarchy. Treated as untouchables, they are the lowest in Indian caste system. The Practice of untouchability was formally outlawed by the Constitution of India in 1950. However in Practice, the Dalit communities are still subjected to extreme forms of social and economic exclusion and discrimination. They are not only denied access to common property (water,land) but are also denied equal opportunities in education and work. This book highlights the plight of Indian dalits right from the early days, efforts taken to abolish this caste system and the condition of dalits in today's political, economic and social system.