HIV is a virus that can further develop into AIDS. The virus is transmitted through infected bodily fluids such as semen, breast milk or blood. There is no cure for HIV, however, antiretroviral therapy treatment can prevent HIV from transforming into AIDS. Antiretroviral therapy aims to restore the CD4 cell count to normal, which is responsible for protecting the body against the HIV virus. It also attempts to reduce viral load in the blood to an undetectable level. Pre-exposure prophylaxis or PrEP is a daily medication which can be taken to reduce the chances of contracting HIV if exposed. Post-exposure prophylaxis or PEP is a combination of emergency antiretroviral drugs used in case of potential exposure to HIV. This book is a compilation of chapters that discuss the most vital concepts and emerging trends in HIV medicine. It aims to shed light on some of the unexplored aspects of this disease and its treatment. The book will serve as a reference to a broad spectrum of readers.