The book 'Fundamentals of Genetics' is designed for the graduate courses in Botany, Zoology, Life Sciences, Biotechnology and Agriculture that have a paper in genetics. The book covers the different aspects of genetics in 39 chapters divided in five sections, namely, general history, cytology and cytogenetics, transmission genetics, molecular genetics, and population and evolutionary genetics. In the end, a glossary of relevant terms and several appendices with useful information have been provided. The book traces the discoveries that culminated in the elucidation of inheritance of various characters of the organisms, and then deals with the discoveries of genetic material and the mechanisms of its expression. In addition, the behaviour of genes in random mating populations and the events leading to speciation have also been discussed. The book has been written in simple language in a style I followed for teaching to my students. The concepts have been explained with the help of suitable diagrams and every effort has been made to maintain readability and facilitate easy comprehension. It is expected to serve as the basic reading resource for the students of genetics and would be helpful in various competitive examinations.