HIV infection is treated through antiretroviral therapy (ART). It is also known as highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). They help in the management of the disease by reducing the viral load to very low levels. This helps in controlling the transmission of infection to other people. It works by preventing the virus from replicating within the body of the infected person. This in turn reduces the damage to the immune system. It also helps in decreasing the chances of catching an opportunistic infection. Through highly active antiretroviral treatment, the transmission of virus from mother to child can also be prevented. This book brings forth some of the most innovative concepts and elucidates the unexplored aspects of highly active antiretroviral treatment. It explores all the clinical complications of these medications in the present day scenario. The book is appropriate for students seeking detailed information in this area as well as for experts.