Urology is the discipline of medicine that deals with diseases of the male and female urinary tracts consisting of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. It is also concerned with the male organs that are used for reproduction such as the penis, testes, scrotum and prostate. There are several subspecialties of urology such as pediatric urology, urologic oncology, kidney transplant, male fertility, urinary tract stones, female urology and neurourology. The discipline of urology is involved in the treatment of diseases such as adrenal gland cancer, bladder diseases, erectile dysfunction, kidney diseases, testicular diseases, penile cancer, prostate cancer, sexually transmitted infections, upper urinary tract cancer and vaginal diseases. This book elucidates new techniques and their applications in a multidisciplinary manner. The various studies that are constantly contributing towards advancing technologies and the evolution of this field are examined in detail. Scientists and students actively engaged in the study of urology will find this book full of crucial and unexplored concepts.