Today, most intellectuals agree that (a) Christianity has profoundly influenced Western culture: (b) members from different cultures experience many aspects of the world differently: (c) the empirical and theoretical study of both culture and religion emerged within the West.

The present study argues that these truisms have implications for the conceptualization of religion and culture. More specifically, the thesis is that non-Western cultures and religions differ from the descriptions prevalent in the West, and it is also explained why this has been the case. The author proposes novel analyses of religion, the Roman ‘religio’, the construction of ‘religions’ in India, and the nature of cultural differences. Religion is important to the West because the constitution and the identity of Western culture are tied to the dynamic of Christianity as a religion.