Reproduction refers to the biological process through which new organisms are produced. Reproductive biology is the branch of science which studies the various processes related to reproduction. It covers a number of fields such as reproductive systems, endocrinology, sexual development, sexual maturity and fertility. The ovum and the sperm are specialized reproductive cells called gametes. The interaction between the male and female reproductive systems leads to the fertilization of the ovum by the sperm. Fertilization can also be achieved by artificial insemination methods. Assisted reproductive technology encompasses the medical procedures used to address infertility. This book explores all the important clinical aspects of reproductive biology in the present day scenario. It strives to provide a fair idea about this discipline and to help develop a better understanding of the latest advances within this field. A number of latest researches have been included in this book to keep the readers up-to-date with the global concepts in this area of study.