Malariology is the scientific study of malaria and issues related to this disease. It also focuses on the biology of malarial parasites and the factors that affect their transmission to humans by anopheline vectors. Malaria is an infectious disease that spreads by Anopheles mosquitoes, and affects humans and other animals. It is caused by Plasmodium parasites that spread through the bites of infected female mosquitoes also called malaria vectors. Symptoms of malaria occur 10-15 days after the bite of an infected mosquito. Primary symptoms include headache, fever and chills. Children with severe malaria may develop cerebral malaria, severe anemia and respiratory distress in relation to metabolic acidosis. This book explores all the important aspects of malariology in the present day scenario. Such selected concepts that redefine this field have been presented in this book. This book includes contributions of experts and scientists which will provide innovative insights into this field.