The first edition of this volume was published in 1981. Ten of the original 19 chapters were presented as papers at a conference on 'Religion in Modern India' at the University of Iowa in 1980 organized by the editor.The second edition, published in 1989, dropped a couple of original essays and added chapters by N. Gerald Barrier on the Sikhs, Eric J. Sharpe on the Christians, and John R. Hinnells on the Parsis. In this fourth revised edition a new essay on Jainism by James F. Lewis has been added.