Learning Scope summarises the topics of the chapter before the actual explanation begins. Knowledge Fact/Corner/Just to Know informs students about some important/interesting facts. Chapter at a Glance has been provided at the end of each chapter to recall the key concepts learnt in the chapters. Each chapter is followed by Exercises that include MCQ, Assertion and Reason, Competency focused questions and subjective questions. Activities/In the Computer Lab are included along with the chapters (wherever necessary) to boost practical knowledge about the topics. Last, but not the least, we express our deep gratitude to our parents, family members and friends who always encouraged us to write books. We are also grateful to our esteemed publishers and editorial team who took all the pains in bringing out these books in such a presentable form.