Oxidative stress occurs when there is an imbalance between reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, and antioxidants in the body. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are produced by several endogenous and exogenous processes causing diseases and rapid aging. Antioxidants neutralize the negative effects of reactive oxygen. Oxidative stress can cause diabetes, atherosclerosis, high blood pressure, heart diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Oxidative stress can be prevented by increasing the level of antioxidants in the body. This can be achieved by quitting smoking and alcohol, exercising regularly, and taking a healthy diet rich in antioxidants such as berries, tomatoes, and citrus fruits. This book brings forth some of the most innovative concepts and elucidates the unexplored aspects of oxidative stress. Its aim is to present researches that have transformed this discipline and aided its advancement. This book will serve as a reference to a broad spectrum of readers.