The 13th revised and enlarged edition of World Constitutions is a monumental work by our seasoned authors and dedicated teachers of their times. The voluminous book portrays conceptual and legal framework of Parliamentary and Presidential democracies. The monarchy remains an asset for Britain. It remains popular but there is less certainty about its funding. The British boast their parliamentary democracy with conservative character and tradition loving temperament. The conservative party, the chief exponent of monarchy made gains till 2010 with absolute majority. Cameron resigned in 2016 despite a landslide victory after people’s decision to turn their backs on the European Union. Theresa May succeeded Cameron. Her calling elections three years, ahead in April 2017 was a blunder. She resigned in 2019 over prolonged Brexit deadlock and chose Johnson as Conservative leader and Prime Minister in 2019. Despite being elected with a large majority in snap election, he resigned in 2022. He was followed by Liz Truss for fifty days and then by Rishi Sunak. Rishi Sunak also called for early election. During election, the opposition Labour Party led by Keir Starmer won 411 seats, the conservative suffered worst defeat winning 121 seats. In USA the Republican Party ticket Donald Trump who was the 45th president of the United States and J.D Vance, the junior US senator from Ohio defeated the Democratic Party ticket – Kamala Harris, the incumbent Vice President and Tim Walz, the 41st Governor of Minnesota. Trump and Vance were inaugurated as the 47th President and the 50th Vice President respectively. In France a new front En Marcha was founded by President Macron after Holland endorsed his name for election of 2017. He is the first sitting President in 20 years to be reelected. During his second term he is in midst of a deep political crisis. Four governments have come and gone. Macron is seeking fifth Prime Minister in less than two years, third Prime Minister in a year. The change in leadership of China in March 2013 - Xi Jinping and Li Keqiang – coming at the helm of affairs boosts the morale of the Chinese. They pin high hopes in the pioneers of economic reforms. The current premier is Li-Quang who took office on 11 March 2023. In Japan, Naruhito is the 126th emperor since 1st May 2019. He is the only remaining head of the state in the world with monarchical title of Emperor. After the longest serving Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, Yoshihide Suga from LDP became Prime Minister for a very short period. Yoshihide Suga was succeeded by Fumio Kishida. Like Suga, he didn’t last long. His popularity plunged in the wake of corruption and slumping yen. In 2024, he was replaced by Ishiba. Ishiba announced snap election just eight day after being elected. Ishiba resigned in about a year. Sanae Takaichi took office on 21 October 2025. She is the President of LDP since 2025 and also first women Prime Minister. She was reelected with a landslide majority after the snap election held in February 2026. Canadian constitution continues to retain a federal structure and its dominion status. King of UK remains the Head of State. However, their Parliamentary democracy remains intact and the Senate remains the sleeping beauty. The Swiss still take pride in their solitary direct democracy which is an ingenious blend of Parliamentary and Presidential democracies. The Constitution of Russian federation shows a novel political change. The legislation allows President to run for another six terms once his current term ends. This provision could keep him in office in the Kremlin until 2036. Putin’s extended term in the office has pulled a lot of controversies. The law signed by Mr Putin limits any future president to two terms in office. With his fourth term, he will be the longest serving leader since Stalin.