This book reports findings from surveys conducted by the Foundation for Agrarian Studies’ Project on Agrarian Relations in India (PARI) in different agro-climatic regions in three villages in West Bengal in June–July 2010 and in May–June 2015. The villages studied were Panahar in the old alluvial region in Bankura district, Amarsinghi in new alluvial region in Malda district and Kalmandasguri in Terai region in Koch Behar district. The chapters in the book portray the production conditions, incomes, employment, poverty, and human development of rural households in West Bengal at an important juncture in the state’s development and political trajectory.