Anemia is a disease that occurs due to the decreased amount of total red blood cells in the blood. Due to the deficiency of hemoglobin which carries oxygen, the person often experiences shortness of breath on exertion. It can also exhibit symptoms of a heart failure. The most common cause of anemia is blood loss. Several reasons can lead to blood loss such as severe trauma or surgery, menstruation, and gynecological disturbances. Other causes of anemia include fluid overload, which decreases the hemoglobin concentration, and certain gastrointestinal disorders. The common treatment of anemia includes oral and injectable iron, blood transfusions, erythropoiesis-stimulating agent and hyperbaric oxygen. This book discusses the fundamentals as well as modern approaches for management of anemia. It presents researches and studies performed by experts across the globe. It will serve as a valuable source of reference for graduate and post graduate students.