Blood is a body fluid in humans and other animals that carries nutrients and oxygen to the cells. The study of blood, blood-forming organs, and blood diseases is known as hematology. It is a branch of internal medicine concerned with the physiology, etiology, diagnosis, pathology, treatment, prognosis, and prevention of blood-related disorders. It is involved in the treatment of disorders related to the production of blood and its components such as blood cells, blood proteins, hemoglobin, bone marrow, platelets, blood vessels, and spleen. Hematology also deals with the treatment of diseases such as hemophilia, blood clots or thrombus, blood cancers such as leukemia, multiple myeloma, lymphoma, and other bleeding disorders. It encompasses four major areas of study, namely, hemoglobinopathy, hematological malignancies, anemia and coagulopathy. The book aims to shed light on some of the unexplored aspects of hematology and the recent researches in this field. Also included herein is a detailed explanation of the various concepts and applications of this topic. The book will serve as a reference to a broad spectrum of readers.