The science or study of blood, blood-forming organs and blood diseases is referred to as hematology. It is a branch of internal medicine that is concerned with the physiology, pathology, diagnosis, etiology, treatment, prognosis and prevention of blood-related disorders. There are four major areas of study within hematology, namely, hemoglobinopathy, hematological malignancies, anemia and coagulopathy. Hematology is involved in the treatment of blood disorders and malignancies such as hemophilia, leukemia, lymphoma and sickle-cell anemia. It focuses largely on lymphatic organs and bone marrow, and diagnoses irregularities related to blood count or platelets. Hematology also treats organs that are fed by blood cells such as the lymph nodes, spleen, thymus and lymphoid tissue. The book aims to shed light on some of the unexplored aspects of hematology and the recent researches in this field. Also included herein is a detailed explanation of the various concepts and applications of this topic. The book will serve as a reference to a broad spectrum of readers.